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近年来,单纯用阶级分析法来研究历史,特别是研究历史人物所造成的偏狭和单调正逐步得到纠正。边缘学科的兴起及其与史学的结缘,开拓了历史研究的深度和广度,比较史学、心理史学、计量史学等方兴未艾,向人们展现了历史研究的无限前景。本文只是就心理学在历史研究中的应用作一探讨。 (一) 自1879年德国心理学家冯特在莱比锡建立第一个正式的心理试验室以来,心理学的发展是迅速的。然而,西方心理学理论在历史研究领域中的运用,则始于本世纪初奥地利神经病学家和心理学大师弗洛伊德创立精神分析学说之后。当时,西方的一些心理学家和史学家把历史学与心理学的理论和分析方法结合起来,便出现了心理史学这门新的边缘科学。如果说弗洛伊德把其学说运用到对达·芬奇童年生活的分析上,开心
In recent years, the study of history by using class analysis alone has been gradually corrected, especially by the narrowness and monotony caused by the study of historical figures. The rising of marginal disciplines and their connection with historiography have opened up the depth and breadth of historical research. The comparative history, psychology and econometrics are just in the ascendant, demonstrating the boundless prospects of historical research. This article only discusses the application of psychology in historical research. (A) Since the German psychologist Witter founded the first official psychology laboratory in Leipzig in 1879, the development of psychology has been rapid. However, the application of western psychology theory in the field of historical research began after the Austrian neurologist and psychologist Freud founded the psychoanalytic theory in the beginning of this century. At that time, some western psychologists and historians combined the theories and analysis methods of history and psychology, and then emerged the new marginal science of psychology. If Freud applied his theory to the analysis of Leonardo da Vinci’s childhood, he was happy