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目的了解六安市某中学生2010—2013年身体健康状况及常见病的检出情况,为拟定预防控制对策提供科学依据。方法对2010—2013年高一高二学生健康体检资料进行统计分析。结果 2010—2013年中学生四大主要常见病依次为视力减退、龋齿、沙眼、色弱,其中视力减退检出率高达75.17%,稳居第一,视力减退呈逐年增长的趋势;不同年份高一新生、高二年级学生视力减退检出率均呈逐年上升的趋势,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),不同年份高一新生和高二年级学生的沙眼、色弱、心脏疾病、血压异常的检出率差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);相同年份高一视力减弱检出率与高二比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);同一批高一新生随着年级的增长,视力减弱检出率高一普遍高于高二(P<0.001),提示视力减弱有进展趋势;龋齿检出率随着年级的增长差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论该校中学生常见病以视力减退、龋齿、沙眼较为突出,而视力低下率一直居常见病之首,应引起有关部门的重视,加强防治工作,提高中学生的健康水平。
Objective To understand the status of physical health and common diseases detected by a middle school student in Lu’an from 2010 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods The data of health examination of 2010-2013 senior high school students were statistically analyzed. Results The four major common diseases of middle school students in 2010-2013 were vision loss, dental caries, trachoma and color weakness. The detection rate of vision loss was as high as 75.17%, ranking the first among them. The visual acuity increased year by year. (P <0.001). Trachoma, color weakness, heart disease and abnormal blood pressure were detected in freshmen and sophomores in different years. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001). The detection rate of high vision impairment in the same year was higher than that of the second year in senior high school (P <0.001), and the same group of freshmen had higher visual acuity The prevalence of weakened detection was generally higher than that of sophomore (P <0.001), suggesting a tendency of diminished visual acuity. The detection rate of dental caries with grade increased statistically significantly (P <0.001). Conclusions The common diseases of middle school students in this school are vision loss, dental caries and trachoma, while the prevalence of vision loss is always the first of its common diseases. It is necessary to arouse the attention of relevant departments and strengthen prevention and control to improve the health of middle school students.