一、引言住，是人类赖以生存的必备条件之一。住房，是当前发展中国家必须解决的国计民生大事。优质低价实用住房是二十世纪发展中国家所面临的需迫切解决的一项重大课题。材料，是人类能用来制作有用物件的物质。低价材料，是人类经过长期实践、使用，通过实践检验证明，具有 I. Introduction Living is one of the prerequisites for human survival. Housing is a major national and people’s livelihood that developing countries must solve. High-quality, low-cost and practical housing is a major issue that is urgently needed for developing countries in the 20th century. Materials are substances that humans can use to make useful objects. Low-cost materials are the result of long-term practice and use by humans and have been proved through practical tests.