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近年来,从语言学角度研究和批评小说的风气越来越盛。这是一个全新的小说研究和批评模式,因为我们以前一直以为,诗歌的艺术效果直接获自诗家对语言“诗的处理”,散文小说的美学魅力则主要寓于其主题、结构、性格和叙述中,与小说家的语言运用没有直接联系。当然,这并不是说我们一直就没有注意过小说语言本身的审美功能,问题是,这种注意往往是印象式或比喻式的,即以诗家的语言锤炼比喻小说家的语言运用,以论诗的传统方式道出批评家对小说语言风格的某种整体、含混的印象。这种现象在时下不少所谓小说语言研究的文章中也相当明显地存在着。把小说语言的批评研究上升为一门科学、自觉的研究和批评方法,这项工作目前做得还很不够。有鉴于此,本文试图对小说文体的概念、小说文体学的研究目的和小说文体研究与批评的一般方法,作些理论上的探讨,希望能够由此引出有关这个问题更加切实精到的研究。
In recent years, there has been a growing trend of studying and criticizing novels from the perspective of linguistics. This is a brand new novel research and criticism mode because we have always thought that the artistic effect of poetry is directly obtained from the poet’s treatment of the poem and the aesthetic charm of prose mainly lies in the theme, structure, character and narration There is no direct connection with the language use of novelists. Of course, this does not mean that we have never paid any attention to the aesthetic function of the language of the novel itself. The problem is that such attention tends to be impressionistic or metaphorical, that is, the poetic language is used to paraphrase the language used by the novelist, The traditional way of poem tells the critic a certain overall and ambiguous impression of the language style of the novel. This phenomenon is also quite obvious in many articles of so-called novel language research nowadays. It has not done enough to elevate the criticism of novel language to a scientific and conscious method of research and criticism. In view of this, this article attempts to make some theoretical discussions on the concept of novel style, the purpose of novel style study and the general method of study and criticism of novel style, hoping to draw more practical research on this issue.