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在田间试验条件下,以冬小麦品种泰农18为材料,设置灌底墒水(CK)、底墒水+拔节水(W1)、底墒水+拔节水+越冬水与灌浆水交替灌溉(越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式,W2)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水(优化传统灌溉模式,W3)、底墒水+越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水(传统灌溉模式,W4)5种灌溉模式,每处理每次灌水量均为600m3·hm-2,研究了山东泰安偏旱年份(2009—2010年)不同灌溉模式对小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率的影响.结果表明:在小麦全生育期119.7mm降水量条件下,越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式(W2)与传统灌溉模式(W4)籽粒产量差异不显著,但水分利用效率显著高于传统灌溉模式,与灌水量相同的优化传统灌溉模式(W3)相比,其小麦籽粒产量明显提高,水分利用效率无显著差异;越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式和传统灌溉模式的氮肥偏生产力最高,且籽粒收获后越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式在0～100cm土层的硝态氮积累量显著高于传统灌溉模式和优化传统灌溉模式,降低了硝态氮的淋溶损失.在本试验条件下,越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式(W2)是可以兼顾小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率的最佳灌溉模式.
Under the field experiment conditions, the winter wheat cultivars Tainong 18 were used to set up irrigation water (CK), soil water combined with water (W1), soil water + jointing water + winter water and irrigation water alternately (overwintering / grouting water Alternate irrigation mode, W2), soil water + jointing water + flowering water (optimized traditional irrigation mode, W3), soil water + winter water + jointing water + grouting water (W4) The effects of different irrigation patterns on the grain yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in Tai’an dry season (2009-2010) were studied.The results showed that in the whole wheat growth Under the condition of 119.7mm precipitation, the grain yield of overwintering / grouting water alternation irrigation mode (W2) and conventional irrigation mode (W4) was not significantly different, but the water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation mode, Compared with the model (W3), the grain yield of wheat increased significantly and the water use efficiency had no significant difference. The over-fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer overwintering / grouting water alternation and traditional irrigation mode was the highest, and the overwintering / grouting water alternation irrigation mode was 0 ~ 10 The nitrate accumulation in 0 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation and optimization of traditional irrigation modes, and the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen was decreased. Under the experimental conditions, the W2 irrigation alternation irrigation mode Optimal Irrigation Mode for Wheat Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency.