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2010年7月河南省栾川县连续降雨达半月之久,24日又突降大暴雨,导致县境内暴发区域性泥石流(简称“7.24”暴雨泥石流),全县14个乡镇普遍受灾,死亡68人、失踪21人,直接经济损失约19.8亿元。为给当地政府提供合理的泥石流防治建议,对栾川县“7.24”暴雨泥石流中31个灾害点进行了野外调查并进行了工程地质分析。调查发现,此次栾川县暴雨泥石流类型丰富,泥流、泥石流及水石流均有发育;地貌上看,泥石流多属于坡面型,水石流基本上为沟谷型。同时,因栾川县采矿业发达,矿渣型泥石流发育十分典型,且大多为尾矿坝溃决所致。鉴于栾川“7.24”暴雨泥石流范围大、类型多的特点,若按规范分类则很难提供针对性的泥石流防治建议,而若按启动模式分类则能在防治建议中对症下药。因此结合前人研究成果和此次调查分析结论,按启动模式将栾川县泥石流划分为7种类型,分别为:沟道拖拽-溃决型、沟道冲切-崩滑型、冲击液化型、坡面崩滑型、坡面冲刷-沟道启动型、尾矿溃决型及其复合型。同时,对7种类型中典型泥石流点的启动模式进行了详细分析。
In July 2010, continuous rainfall in Luanchuan County, Henan Province, reached a half-month period. On the 24th, another heavy rain dropped sharply. As a result, the outbreak of regional debris flow (abbreviated as “7.24” storm debris flow) occurred in 14 counties in the county. 68 people, missing 21 people, the direct economic loss of about 1.98 billion yuan. In order to provide the local government with reasonable debris flow prevention and control recommendations, field surveys and engineering geological analyzes were conducted on 31 disaster sites in the “7.24” heavy rain debris flow in Luanchuan County. The survey found that the rainstorm in Luanchuan County is rich in mudslides and mudslides, mudslides and water stone flow are all developed. On the geomorphological point of view, the mudslides mostly belong to the slope type, and the water stone flow is basically a valley type. At the same time, due to the developed mining industry in Luanchuan County, the development of slag-based debris flow is very typical, and most of them are caused by the tailings dam rupture. In view of Luanchuan “7.24 ” rainstorm debris flow range of large, many types of features, if classified according to the specification is difficult to provide specific debris flow prevention and control recommendations, and if the start mode can be classified in the prevention and treatment of the right medicine. Therefore, based on the results of previous studies and the conclusions of the survey, the debris flow in Luanchuan County is divided into seven types according to the start-up mode: channel drag-ulcer type, channel punching-slide-slip type, , Slope collapse, slope erosion - channel activation, tailings ulceration and their complex type. At the same time, the start-up modes of typical debris flow points in seven types were analyzed in detail.