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纵观这几年湖北省高考试题,名词性从句的考题在完成句子中屡见不鲜。而学生由于不能正确运用好名词性从句,导致失分较多。本文结合这几年的高考试题,归纳整理名词性从句知识考点,以期达到抛砖引玉的作用。
一、分 类
名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,多由连词that,wh-疑问词或whoever, whatever等关系代词引导。
1. 主语从句:在句中充当主语,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。
【高考题1】__________________(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) (湖北省 2007)。
【参考答案】Whether he has been abroad or not。引导词whether 不可省略。
【高考题2】_______________(运动员可能犯错误) in the game worried his coach. (athlete, make) (武汉市 2008 四月调考)
【参考答案】That athletes might make a mistake。此处的“that”不能省略,有时that 从句后置,而由it做形式主语。
2. 宾语从句:在句中充当宾语。
【高考题3】I haven’t the slightest idea ___________________(他正在说什么). (talk) (湖北省 2007)。
【参考答案】(of) what he’s talking about。
【高考题4】Could you tell me ________(我怎样才能申请到奖学金)? (apply, scholarship)
【参考答案】how I can apply for scholarship。
【高考题5】With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ______________(我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten years. (what) (湖北省 2008)
【参考答案】what my hometown will be /look like。
3. 表语从句:当从句放在系动词be, look, remain, seem等后面即构成表语从句,常用的还有the reason is that和it is because等结构。
【高考题6】 Welcome to our city! You can see that our city is not ____________(它过去的那个样子) (use) (武汉市2008四月调考)
【参考答案】what it used to be。
【模拟题7】Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______________(你想用它做什么用). (use)
【参考答案】what you want to use it for。
4. 同位语从句:是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释。一般抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括:problem, agreement, belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, fact, guess, idea, opinion, prediction, suggestion, truth 等。
【高考题8】The fact ____________(他失败了数次) makes him very upset. (he, fail) (湖北省 2007)
【参考答案】that he has failed for several times。本题考查的是同位语从句。
在学习同位语从句时,要注意它与定语从句的区别。定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限定,而同位语从句是说明名词中心词的具体内容;that在定语从句中充当成分,为关系代词,而在同位语从句中不做任何成分,仅起连接作用。
【高考题9】Last night, John was answering the letters that _____________(寄给他的)during the past two weeks. (arrive) (湖北省 2007)
【参考答案】had arrived for him。本题考查了定于从句。That had arrived for him 作letters的定语。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1. 连接词that 只起连接作用,没有任何意义,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可以省略,但引导其他名词性从句通常不能省略。
2. 连接词whether 也不充当任何句子成分,但有自己的意义,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可以换成if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换。
3. 连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在句子中做主语、宾语、定语。连接副词when,where,why,how等也各自有意义,在从句中做状语。
三、名词性从句的重要引导词
1. what 用于引导名词性从句,是一个十分重要的引导词, 它可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不能用于引导同位语从句。what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词。如:I gave him what books I had。
2. what / who 等含特指意义,而whatever / whoever / whichever等含泛指意义。如:Buy whichever is cheapest。(买最便宜的)
四、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同。尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose,wh
-ich, what和连接副词when, where, why等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问词问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句语序。
五、名词性从句的时态问题
1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观真理或事实,谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。
2. when, if这两个词既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接用将来时;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。
六、巩固练习
1. _________________(对他来说最有趣的是), she told me, was her toy car. (interesting)
2. _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. (leave)
3. _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.(confuse)
4. _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious. (purpose)
5. It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责). (responsible)
6. It is none of your business _________(玛丽与谁订婚). (engage)
7. Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________ (今天能做的事). (do)
8. This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的). (what)
9. _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. (like)
10. Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资). (raise)
参考答案:
1. What was most interesting to her
2. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
3. What confused me most
4. That this was done on purpose
5. who should be responsible for this matter
6. whom Mary is engaged to
7. what can be done today
8. what I have been looking for
9. Whether she likes the present
10. that the Government could do nothing toraise their wages
一、分 类
名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,多由连词that,wh-疑问词或whoever, whatever等关系代词引导。
1. 主语从句:在句中充当主语,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。
【高考题1】__________________(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) (湖北省 2007)。
【参考答案】Whether he has been abroad or not。引导词whether 不可省略。
【高考题2】_______________(运动员可能犯错误) in the game worried his coach. (athlete, make) (武汉市 2008 四月调考)
【参考答案】That athletes might make a mistake。此处的“that”不能省略,有时that 从句后置,而由it做形式主语。
2. 宾语从句:在句中充当宾语。
【高考题3】I haven’t the slightest idea ___________________(他正在说什么). (talk) (湖北省 2007)。
【参考答案】(of) what he’s talking about。
【高考题4】Could you tell me ________(我怎样才能申请到奖学金)? (apply, scholarship)
【参考答案】how I can apply for scholarship。
【高考题5】With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ______________(我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten years. (what) (湖北省 2008)
【参考答案】what my hometown will be /look like。
3. 表语从句:当从句放在系动词be, look, remain, seem等后面即构成表语从句,常用的还有the reason is that和it is because等结构。
【高考题6】 Welcome to our city! You can see that our city is not ____________(它过去的那个样子) (use) (武汉市2008四月调考)
【参考答案】what it used to be。
【模拟题7】Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______________(你想用它做什么用). (use)
【参考答案】what you want to use it for。
4. 同位语从句:是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释。一般抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括:problem, agreement, belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, fact, guess, idea, opinion, prediction, suggestion, truth 等。
【高考题8】The fact ____________(他失败了数次) makes him very upset. (he, fail) (湖北省 2007)
【参考答案】that he has failed for several times。本题考查的是同位语从句。
在学习同位语从句时,要注意它与定语从句的区别。定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限定,而同位语从句是说明名词中心词的具体内容;that在定语从句中充当成分,为关系代词,而在同位语从句中不做任何成分,仅起连接作用。
【高考题9】Last night, John was answering the letters that _____________(寄给他的)during the past two weeks. (arrive) (湖北省 2007)
【参考答案】had arrived for him。本题考查了定于从句。That had arrived for him 作letters的定语。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1. 连接词that 只起连接作用,没有任何意义,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可以省略,但引导其他名词性从句通常不能省略。
2. 连接词whether 也不充当任何句子成分,但有自己的意义,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可以换成if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换。
3. 连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在句子中做主语、宾语、定语。连接副词when,where,why,how等也各自有意义,在从句中做状语。
三、名词性从句的重要引导词
1. what 用于引导名词性从句,是一个十分重要的引导词, 它可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不能用于引导同位语从句。what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词。如:I gave him what books I had。
2. what / who 等含特指意义,而whatever / whoever / whichever等含泛指意义。如:Buy whichever is cheapest。(买最便宜的)
四、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同。尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose,wh
-ich, what和连接副词when, where, why等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问词问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句语序。
五、名词性从句的时态问题
1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观真理或事实,谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。
2. when, if这两个词既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接用将来时;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。
六、巩固练习
1. _________________(对他来说最有趣的是), she told me, was her toy car. (interesting)
2. _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. (leave)
3. _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.(confuse)
4. _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious. (purpose)
5. It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责). (responsible)
6. It is none of your business _________(玛丽与谁订婚). (engage)
7. Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________ (今天能做的事). (do)
8. This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的). (what)
9. _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. (like)
10. Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资). (raise)
参考答案:
1. What was most interesting to her
2. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
3. What confused me most
4. That this was done on purpose
5. who should be responsible for this matter
6. whom Mary is engaged to
7. what can be done today
8. what I have been looking for
9. Whether she likes the present
10. that the Government could do nothing toraise their wages