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上海磁浮列车由于流线型车头较短,气动性能并不理想,根据国内厂家给定的列车横断面尺寸和对气动性能的要求,对国产磁浮列车气动外形进行多方案设计,通过求解三维可压N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型,对提出的磁浮列车各种外形方案的气动性能进行数值模拟计算,并根据计算结果进一步改进气动外形,如此反复,直至得出气动性能和外观最优的磁浮列车外形。在最终选定的三种设计方案中,方案3由于水平投影轮廓线较窄、最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率较小,其整车空气阻力和列车交会压力波都较其它两种方案要小,因此为最佳的气动外形方案。通过比较分析,此次选用的国产磁浮列车外形,列车以430km/h运行时三节车总的空气阻力为33.84kN,而上海磁浮列车为54.07kN;国产磁浮列车最大列车交会压力波幅值为2913Pa,而在同等条件下上海磁浮列车为3827Pa,其气动性能明显优于上海磁浮列车。
Due to the short streamlined front, the aerodynamic performance of Shanghai maglev train is not ideal. According to the domestic manufacturers’ given train cross-sectional dimensions and the requirements of aerodynamic performance, the aerodynamic shape of the domestic maglev train is designed in multiple schemes. By solving the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations And k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the aerodynamic performance of the proposed maglev train with various shape schemes is numerically simulated and the aerodynamic shape is further improved according to the calculation results, so that the maglev train with the best aerodynamic performance and appearance can be obtained shape. Among the three final design options, Option 3 has a narrower horizontal projection profile and a smaller curvature of the maximum longitudinal profile contour line. Therefore, the overall air resistance of the vehicle and the pressure drop of the train intersection are smaller than those of the other two solutions For the best aerodynamic shape program. Through comparative analysis, the selected domestic magnetic levitation train shape, the total air resistance of the three-car with the train running at 430km / h is 33.84kN, while that of the Shanghai maglev train is 54.07kN; the maximum amplitude of the pressure swing of the domestic-made maglev train is 2913Pa , While under the same conditions Shanghai maglev train 3827Pa, its aerodynamic performance is obviously superior to Shanghai maglev train.