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一李约瑟的中国科学史的外在化模式著名的英国学者李约瑟(1900—1995)仔细研究了中国科学史的外在化模式,该模式与对社会、历史文化的分析紧密相连。在研究初期,运用该模式得出了很有意思的结论,其重要性可与内在化方法相提并论。但到20世纪80年代,无论内在化还是外在化都被认为不能适应科学思想史的重建(Jordanova 1983,83—84)。学者们确信科学思想史不能被分割成技术概念和社会的各种相互作用,也就越来越远离这两种
A. Needham's Externalization of Chinese History of Science The famous British scholar Joseph Needham (1900-1995) carefully examined the externalization of Chinese history of science which is closely linked to the analysis of society and history and culture. At the beginning of the research, the use of this model led to interesting conclusions that are comparable in importance to the internalization method. By the 1980s, however, both internalization and externalization were considered unsuitable for the reconstruction of the history of scientific thought (Jordanova 1983, 83-84). Scholars believe that the history of scientific thought can not be divided into technical concepts and various social interactions,