晚清图书出版资金的来源比较复杂。官办出版机构，大多来自官方拨款。半官半民的出版机构，既有官方津贴，又有民间资金，还有运作盈利。民办、外资或中外合资的出版机构，则来自创办资金或盈利，甚至捐款等等。这些非官方机构的创办资金往往由集股而得，所得股款用于整个企业 Late Qing sources of funds for publishing books is more complicated. Official publishing agencies, mostly from the official funding. Semi-government and semi-civil publishing agencies, both official allowances, as well as private capital, as well as operating profit. Private, foreign or Sino-foreign joint ventures, then from the founder of funds or profits, or even donations and so on. These unofficial establishments are often funded by the stock, the proceeds from the proceeds for the entire enterprise