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澳大利亚自建国以来,其移民政策和语言政策不断发展演变。20世纪初,澳大利亚在移民问题上实行的是“白澳政策”。第二次世界大战以后,澳大利亚对其移民政策和语言政策作了一系列调整,逐步形成了“多语”和“多元文化”的格局。近年来,澳大利亚政府通过提高移民的英语门槛和设立“入籍考试”来加强英语作为“国语”的地位,从而在澳大利亚国内引发了激烈的争论。这种争论凸显了澳大利亚在语言规划问题上左右为难的困境,引起众多语言学者和社会各界之长久的思考。
Since its founding, Australia has seen its immigration and language policies evolving. At the beginning of the 20th century, Australia implemented the “White Australia Policy” on the issue of immigration. After the Second World War, Australia made a series of adjustments to its immigration policy and language policy and gradually formed a pattern of “multilingualism” and “pluralism”. In recent years, the Australian government has fueled heated debates in Australia by raising the bar of English for immigrants and setting up the “Citizenship Examination” to strengthen its position as “Mandarin”. This controversy highlights Australia’s dilemma in language planning and has long aroused the thinking of many linguists and the community.