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目的:调查2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童的死亡情况。方法:调取2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童的死亡情况监测数据资料,分别统计早期新生儿(0~7 d)、新生儿(0~28 d)、婴儿(0~1岁)、5岁以下儿童(0~5岁)的病死率,分析死因。结果:2010-2014年龙泉驿区活产婴儿总数28 634例,5岁以下儿童共死亡200例。病死率呈下降趋势,其中,总体病死率由2010年的9.32‰下降至2014年的5.63‰,婴儿病死率由2010年的5.27‰下降至2014年的1.98‰,新生儿病死率由2010年的7.50‰下降至2014年的3.65‰,早期新生儿病死率由2010年的3.65‰下降至2014年的1.67‰。死因依次为早产或低出生体质量、意外事故(跌落、窒息、溺水)、先天性心脏病、细菌性败血症、出生时窒息、血液免疫疾病、产期呼吸道疾病、先天性畸形、其他(包括诊断不明)。与2010年相比,2014年出生时窒息、细菌性败血症、意外事故构成比均下降(P均<0.05)。结论:2010-2014年成都市龙泉驿区5岁以下儿童病死率呈下降趋势,早产或低出生体质量、先天遗传性疾病等是主要死因,应加强防治措施,以进一步降低婴儿病死率。
Objective: To investigate the deaths of children under 5 in Longquanyi District of Chengdu from 2010 to 2014. Methods: The data of the death of children under 5 years of age in Longquanyi District of Chengdu from 2010 to 2014 were collected. The data of early neonates (0-7 days), newborns (0-28 days), infants (0-1 years old) ), The mortality rate of children under 5 (0 ~ 5 years old) and the cause of death were analyzed. Results: The total number of live births in Longquanyi District was 28 634 between 2010 and 2014, and 200 deaths occurred in children under 5 years old. The overall mortality rate dropped from 9.32 ‰ in 2010 to 5.63 ‰ in 2014 and the infant mortality rate dropped from 5.27 ‰ in 2010 to 1.98 ‰ in 2014. The neonatal mortality rate decreased from 2010 From 7.50 ‰ to 3.65 ‰ in 2014, the mortality rate of early neonates dropped from 3.65 ‰ in 2010 to 1.67 ‰ in 2014. The causes of death were in order of preterm birth or low birth weight, accidents (drop, asphyxia, drowning), congenital heart disease, bacterial septicemia, birth asphyxia, blood-borne diseases, obstetric respiratory disease, congenital malformations, others unknown). Compared with 2010, the number of birth apnea, bacterial septicemia and accidents in 2014 decreased significantly (all P <0.05). Conclusion: The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Longquanyi district of Chengdu from 2010 to 2014 shows a decreasing trend. Premature or low birth weight and congenital genetic diseases are the major causes of death. Prevention and control measures should be strengthened to further reduce infant mortality.