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目的了解深圳市校外青少年自尊水平和社会支持状况及其影响因素,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法选取深圳市南山和宝安2个区,每个区分别抽取工厂、发廊、歌厅、网吧、宾馆5类场所作为调查场所,按照年龄、性别等比例从各区分别招募160名符合条件的研究对象,采用自尊量表(SES)和社会支持量表(SSRS)进行问卷调查。结果深圳市校外青少年自尊得分为(29.67±3.71)分,低、中、高自尊水平所占比例分别为12.19%,72.81%,15.00%。社会支持总得分为(35.67±6.88)分,客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度得分分别为(8.23±2.73),(19.79±4.14),(7.64±1.96)分。文化程度和月收入是自尊的主要影响因素,婚姻状况和月收入是社会支持的主要影响因素(P值均<0.05);自尊和社会支持及其各因子均呈显著正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论深圳市校外青少年自尊水平较高,社会支持程度不容乐观;自尊水平与社会支持及其各因子间关系密切。
Objective To understand the level of self-esteem and social support of out-of-school adolescents in Shenzhen and its influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for carrying out mental health education in a targeted manner. Methods Two districts of Shenzhen Nanshan and Baoan were selected. Five sites of factories, hair salons, karaoke bars, Internet cafes and guesthouses were selected as survey sites in each district. 160 eligible subjects were recruited from different districts according to their age and sex. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Social Support Scale (SSRS). Results The scores of self-esteem of out-of-school adolescents in Shenzhen were (29.67 ± 3.71) points, while the proportions of low, middle and high self-esteem were 12.19%, 72.81% and 15.00% respectively. The total score of social support was (35.67 ± 6.88) points. The scores of objective support, subjective support and supportive utilization were (8.23 ± 2.73), (19.79 ± 4.14) and (7.64 ± 1.96) points, respectively. The level of education and monthly income are the main influencing factors of self-esteem. Marital status and monthly income are the main influencing factors of social support (P <0.05). There is a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and social support and its various factors (P < 0.01). Conclusions The level of self-esteem of extra-curricular adolescents outside Shenzhen is high, and the level of social support is not optimistic. The level of self-esteem is closely related to social support and its various factors.