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目的 探讨歼-5、歼-6,歼-7、歼-8和高性能战斗机飞行员骨科病症谱的分布规律.方法 对303例歼击机飞行员均进行常规颈、胸、腰椎正侧位及腰椎双斜位计算机X线摄影检查、腰椎CT或MRI扫描,然后进行分类.将303例飞行员按机种分为3组,分析其骨科病症谱,并进行统计学检验. 结果位于前10位的骨科病症分别为椎间盘突出、腰椎峡部裂、骶椎隐形裂、半月板损伤、肌腱损伤或断裂、关节炎、腰肌劳损、骨折、许莫结节和腰椎楔形变.3组飞行员骨科病症构成比比较,差异无统计学上的显著性意义(x2=-0.202～2.115,P>0.05). 结论歼击机飞行员的骨科病症以脊柱和运动系统病变为主,对其原因进行分析有助于提高航卫保障质量.“,”Objective To study the changes of orthopaedic disease spectrum in fighter pilots.Methods Three hundred and three pilots were checked by computer radiography, CT or MRI in their spine. The pilots were divided into 3 groups according to fighter types. The disease spectrum of orthopaedics was analysed in 303 fighter pilots. Results The first 10 diagnoses in disease spectrum of 303 pilots were intervertebral disc hernia, bilateral spondylolysis of lumbar vertebra, sacroschysis,meniscus injuries, tendon injuries or broken, osteoarthritis, lumbar muscle injuries, fractures,schmorl nodes and lumbar compression changes. The differences of orthopaedic disease spectrum among 3 fighter pilot groups were non-significant (x2=0. 202～2. 115, P>0.05). Conclusion The disease spectrum of orthopaedics in 303 fighter pilots is mainly in spinal and sports system. To analyse the cause of the changes may improve the quality of aviation medical service.