一绪论笔者认为,在中国山水画的历史中,精神和形象这两个问题总是相互矛盾和冲突的。迄今,对外形的忠实描写和追求画作所象征的内在性这两个问题一直是人们探讨的主题。这是早期孔子曾提出的君子所应具备之素质的‘文质’意识起作用的结果,即想把事物外形模样的文和内在本质的质(根底)融入绘画中。 An introduction I believe that in the history of Chinese landscape painting, the two issues of spirit and image are always contradictory and conflicting. Up to now, the two topics of faithful description of appearance and pursuit of innerness symbolized by paintings have always been the subject of discussion. This is the result of the role played by Confucius in the early Confucius’s sense of ’quality’, that is, to incorporate the textual and intrinsic qualities of things into the painting.