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一部西方戏剧史,可谓是人类对苦难人生的执著追问史。现代西方戏剧尤其如此,它虽门庭林立,流派纷呈,其精神实质则是一以贯之:即从不同角度以不同方式对苦难人生进行追问和反话,试图探出人生苦难的真正根源,寻出具有本体意义的答案。笔者以为,这些对人生苦难的不同追问和反诘,其外在形态可归纳为三个层面:即,对神界的追求,对社会的探究以及对作为主体之“人”自身的剖析。以下拟从这三个层面对现代西方戏剧作一揽述。
A history of Western drama, can be described as human history of persistent pursuit of misery. This is especially true of the modern Western drama. Although it has a wide variety of disciples and schools, its spiritual essence is consistent: from different perspectives to pursuing and opposing the misery in different ways in an attempt to find out the true root causes of misery in life, s answer. In my opinion, these different questions and refutations of misery on life can be summarized into three aspects: the pursuit of the spiritual world, the exploration of society and the analysis of the “human” itself as the main body. The following is intended to give a summary of modern western drama from these three aspects.