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由于王明“左倾”冒险主义的错误领导,红军未能打破蒋介石的第五次“围剿”。1934年10月,中央主力红军及后方机关8万余人,从江西瑞金、于都等地出发,开始长征。长征之初,红军很顺利地通过了蒋介石的粤北第一、二、三道封锁线,但深入湖南腹地后,在突破第四道封锁线时发生了惨烈的湘江之战,损失惨重。红军为什么能几乎兵不血刃地顺利通过前三道封锁线?原来,这得益于长征前夕红军与广东军阀陈济棠秘密达成的“借道”协议。
The Red Army failed to break Chiang Kai-shek's fifth “encirclement and suppression” campaign because of the mistaken leadership of Wang Ming and “leftist” adventurism. In October 1934, more than 80,000 Red Army and rear authorities of the Central Government started their march from places like Ruijin and Yudu in Jiangxi Province. At the beginning of the Long March, the Red Army passed Chiang Kai-shek's first, second and third blockade lines smoothly. However, after penetrating the hinterland of Hunan, there was a tragic Xiangjiang battle that took place when the fourth blockade line was crossed and suffered heavy losses. Why could the Red Army successfully pass the first three blockade lines with almost no bloodshed? Originally, it benefited from the secret agreement reached by the Red Army and the Guangdong warlord Chen Jitang on the eve of the Long March.