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利用野外模拟降雨实验,分析了不同坡度(3°,5°,7°,9°,12°,15°)、不同降雨强度(70,100,120mm/h)条件下,黑土坡地产流和产沙特性随坡度和降雨强度的变化规律。研究结果表明:降雨强度小,产流时间长且坡度对产流时间影响小。降雨强度大,产流时间短且坡度对产流时间的影响明显;在坡度较小的条件下,降雨强度对坡面径流量的影响较小,较大坡度条件下,降雨强度对坡面径流量的影响较大;在同一降雨强度下随坡度的增加,侵蚀产沙率基本呈现增大的趋势;坡度对侵蚀产沙率的影响程度与降雨强度有一定关系;在12°~15°之间存在本试验条件下的临界坡度,超过临界坡度12°后侵蚀产沙率和总产沙量都大幅度下降。
Field simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to analyze the characteristics of runoff and sediment production on black soil slopes with different rainfall gradients (3 °, 5 °, 7 °, 9 °, 12 ° and 15 °) and different rainfall intensities (70, 100 and 120 mm / h) Variation with slope and rainfall intensity. The results show that rainfall intensity is small, runoff time is long and slope has little effect on runoff time. Rainfall intensity is short, runoff time is short and the influence of slope on runoff time is obvious. Under the condition of small slope, the effect of rainfall intensity on slope runoff is small. Under the condition of larger slope, The influence of flow rate is larger; the erosion-sediment yield tends to increase with the increase of slope under the same rainfall intensity; the degree of influence of slope on the rate of sediment yield has a certain relationship with rainfall intensity; at 12 ° -15 ° There exists a critical slope under the conditions of this test. After exceeding the critical slope of 12 °, erosion and sediment yield and total sediment yield have both dropped drastically.