论文部分内容阅读
以太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田为研究对象开展大田试验,通过设置稻麦季均施磷(PR+W,当前农民施肥习惯)、麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)、稻季施磷麦季不施磷(PR)以及稻麦季均不施磷(Pzero,对照)四种施磷处理,提出麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)的减磷措施。四年八季作物研究结果表明:与传统PR+W处理相比较,PW处理的作物籽粒和秸秆产量均无显著变化,但却提高磷肥利用率3.54%,同时降低土壤速效磷累积量10.5%~36.7%,减少径流总磷浓度12.0%。据此推算,如果一个稻季不施磷肥,太湖流域1.02×106hm~2水稻土四年可节约P_2O_5约24万t,估算该流域每年可直接节约肥料投入成本3.06亿元。这表明采取麦季施磷稻季不施磷的减磷措施不仅能够保持稳产,而且可节约磷肥(磷矿)资源,降低水环境污染风险,具有农学、环境以及经济效益的三赢潜力。
Field experiments were conducted on paddy field with typical rice and wheat crop rotation in the Taihu Lake Basin. By applying phosphorus (PR + W) and current peasants’ fertilization practices in rice and wheat fields, phosphorus (PW) and phosphorus Phosphorus application during the phosphorus-wheat cropping season without phosphorus application (PZero) and phosphorus-free (Pzero) treatment during the rice-wheat cropping season. The results of four-year seasons crop research showed that compared with the traditional PR + W treatment, there was no significant change in the grain yield and straw yield of PW treatment, but increased the utilization rate of 3.54% and reduced the available phosphorus accumulation rate by 10.5% 36.7%, reduce runoff total phosphorus concentration 12.0%. Based on the above results, if no phosphorus fertilizer is applied in one paddy season, about 240,000 t of P 2 O 5 will be saved in 1.02 × 106hm 2 paddy soils in the Taihu Lake Basin for four years. It is estimated that the input cost of the fertilizer will be 306 million yuan per year. This indicates that the phosphorus-reducing measures not to apply phosphorus during the wheat-paddy season can not only maintain a stable yield, but also save resources of phosphate fertilizer (phosphate rock), reduce the risk of water pollution, and have the triple win-win potential of agronomy, environment and economic benefits.