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教科书中的栏目是学生认知建构的重要凭藉。以认知建构的四个阶段(经验感知阶段、主动建构阶段、概括应用阶段和认知拓展阶段)为切入点,对人教版、苏教版、鲁科版三个版本化学必修1教材的栏目及部分内容进行归类分析,发现:经验感知阶段,鲁科版的内容包摄性最广;主动建构阶段,苏教版选取的知识最多,鲁科版探究活动的开放性最大;概括应用阶段,鲁科版的形式多样、版面美观;认知拓展阶段,不同版本对拓展性知识的定位有很大差异。基于此提出相应的教学建议:转变观念,重视栏目对学生知识建构的重要作用;优化整合,研究并借鉴不同版本教材栏目设置的优势;因时因地开发教学资源,确保探究实践类栏目顺利落实。
Textbooks in the column is an important cognitive construct of students. Taking the four stages of cognitive construction (experience perception stage, active construction stage, generalized application stage and cognitive expansion stage) as starting point, this paper analyzes three aspects of the humanistic version, the Sujiao version and the Luke version Part of the content and classification analysis, found: experience-aware stage, Luke version of the content package most of the proactive; active construction stage, the Soviet Union version of the most selected knowledge, Luke version of the largest open-ended exploration activities; generalized application Stage, Luke version of the form of diverse, beautiful layout; cognitive expansion stage, different versions of the positioning of the expansion of knowledge is very different. Based on this, we put forward corresponding teaching suggestions: changing the concept, emphasizing the importance of the column to the students’ knowledge construction; optimizing the integration, studying and using the advantages set in the different versions of the textbooks; developing the teaching resources reasonably and ensuring the successful implementation of the columns of the inquiry practice .