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疯草(locoweed)是豆科棘豆属(Oxytropis)和黄芪属(Astragalus)有毒植物的统称,其主要毒性成分是苦马豆素,动物采食后发生慢性神经机能障碍性中毒病,每年给牧区造成巨大的经济损失。另外,苦马豆素因其具有毒性和药理活性双重作用,受到毒理学界和医学界的普遍重视。本文不仅对苦马豆素毒性及作用机制、药理活性、来源和苦马豆素生物合成通路的最新研究进展进行了综述,而且还对合成通路中可能涉及的调控酶进行了推测。同时,又对未来苦马豆素的研究进行了展望,以期为疯草中毒病的防治提供参考。
Locoweed is a collective term for Oxytropis and Astragalus poisonous plants, the main toxic component of which is Swainsonine, which causes chronic neurodegenerative poisoning after feeding Pastoral areas caused huge economic losses. In addition, swainsonine due to its dual role of toxicity and pharmacological activity by the toxicology community and the medical community generally. This article reviews not only the toxicity and mechanism of action, the pharmacological activities, sources and the new research progress of the swainsonine biosynthetic pathway, but also speculates the regulatory enzymes that may be involved in the synthetic pathway. In the meantime, the prospect of the future swainsonine is also prospected in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of mad poisoning disease.