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公共产品的需求理论是公共经济学的重要内容。在这个问题上,西方公共经济学与马克思主义公共经济学存在鲜明的对比,前一个存在明显的局限性,后一个则现实得多。西方经济学认为,有意愿且买得起商品的需求才是该商品的有效需求,那些买不起商品的人的需求是无效需求。在西方公共经济需求中,普通民众的需求和愿望,也受制于那些控制了金钱、权势和舆论的人。双方一致的需求是有效的公共经济需求,单独后者的需求,也是对后者有效的公共经济需求,尽管这一需求的满足往往会损害前者的利益,而单独前者的需求,就很难成为有效的公共经济需求。在对公共经济需求的分析上,我们尤其需要用好马克思主义政治经济学,只有这样才能知道人民群众需要的是什么,以及如何去满足人民群众的需要。
The demand theory of public goods is an important part of public economics. On this issue, there is a sharp contrast between Western public economics and Marxist public economics. The former has obvious limitations. The latter is much more realistic. Western economics believes that the demand for the willingness and affordability of the goods is an effective demand for the goods, and those who can not afford the goods are ineffective. In the Western public economic needs, the needs and aspirations of ordinary people are also controlled by those who control money, power and public opinion. The unanimous demand of both parties is an effective public economic demand. The demand of the latter alone is also an effective public economic demand for the latter. Although the satisfaction of this demand often undermines the interests of the former, the demand of the former alone hardly becomes Effective public economic needs. In analyzing the needs of the public economy, we especially need to make good use of Marxist political economy. Only in this way can we know what the people need and how to meet the needs of the masses.