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需要范畴是马克思始终关注的一个重要范畴。本文基于资本论的视阈,通过考察需要与分工、交换、货币、资本几个重要范畴的关系来重新审视马克思的需要范畴。需要的扩大是分工发展的一个重要因素、需要的差别是交换产生的一个前提条件、需要的一体化是货币异化的一个主要原因、新需要的不断创造是资本流通的一个必要条件,而分工、交换、货币、资本都是人的社会关系,它们在不同的阶段、以不同的方式满足着人们的需要。
The category of needs is an important category that Marx always pays close attention to. Based on the perspective of capitalism, this paper examines the needs of Marx by examining the relationship between the need and the division of labor, exchange, currency and capital. The necessary expansion is an important factor in the development of division of labor. The necessary difference is a precondition for the exchange. The necessary integration is one of the major causes of currency alienation. The constant creation of new needs is a necessary condition for capital circulation. Exchange, money and capital are all human relations. They meet people’s needs in different ways and at different stages.