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当前，千百万国有和集体企业职工失业和下岗，成为继几千万农村劳动力进城2后，中国大陆经济和社会生活中一个最热门的话题。这一问题直接涉及到20％以上城市居民（包括失业下岗职工本人及其家庭成员）的切身利益和生存状况。据有关部门按现有产业技术水平的保守测算，全国城镇
At present, the unemployment and laid-off workers of millions of state-owned and collective enterprises have become one of the hottest topics in the economic and social life in Mainland China after tens of millions of rural labors have entered the city. This issue directly concerns the vital interests and living conditions of over 20% of urban residents (including unemployed laid-off workers themselves and their family members). According to the conservative calculation by the relevant departments according to the technical level of the existing industries, the national cities and towns