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选择不同供钾能力的烟-稻轮作区稻田,研究了烟杆还田对水稻产量、钾素吸收利用的影响及其替代钾肥的效果.结果表明:烟杆还田(2250 kg·hm~(-2))和施钾肥(K_2O 75kg·hm~(-2))均能增加水稻产量和地上部钾素的累积量,其中烟杆还田配施钾肥的增幅最大,低钾(土壤速效钾含量<100 mg·kg~(-1))、中钾(土壤速效钾含量100~150 mg·kg~(-1))和高钾(土壤速效钾含量>150 mg·kg~(-1))土壤的水稻分别增产13.3%、17.1%和13.5%.烟杆还田(St+NP)可以提高钾素吸收利用率和农学效率.但在水稻当前推荐施肥量(75kg·hm~(-2))条件下,烟杆还田配施钾肥(St+NPK)对钾肥(素)吸收利用率和农学效率无显著影响,说明当前推荐施钾量可能偏高.通过对烟杆还田替代钾肥的计算,发现还田烟杆可以替代10%~22%的化肥钾(K_2O),烟后晚稻在烟杆还田时钾肥施用可以减少7.2~16.5 kg·hm~(-2).因此在烟杆还田条件下,高钾田块可减少化学钾肥的施用,而中钾和低钾田块为稳定水稻产量和维持土壤钾素平衡,则应保证目前推荐钾肥量的投入.
The effects of tobacco stems returning to field on the yield and potassium absorption and utilization of rice and the effect of substituting potash fertilizer were studied.The results showed that tobacco stem returning to field (2250 kg · hm ~ (-1) -2) and K fertilizer application (K 2 O 75kg · hm -2) could increase the yield of rice and the accumulation of aboveground potassium, of which the tobacco rod with the largest increase of K fertilizer application, low potassium (soil available potassium (100 ~ 150 mg · kg ~ (-1)), potassium (100 ~ 150 mg · kg ~ (-1)) and high potassium (150 mg · kg ~ (-1) ) Soil increased by 13.3%, 17.1% and 13.5% respectively. St + NP could increase the rate of potassium absorption and agronomic efficiency, but at the current recommended fertilization rate of 75 kg · hm -2 )), There was no significant effect on the absorption and utilization rate of potash fertilizer (prime) and agronomic efficiency, which indicated that the current recommended potassium level may be high. , It was found that returning stems could replace 10% ~ 22% of K 2 O fertilizers, and the potash fertilizer application could reduce 7.2 ~ 16.5 kg · hm -2 in late rice after returning stems, Rod back to the field conditions, high potassium fields can be reduced Learn the application of potash, potassium and potassium in the field to stabilize paddy rice yield and maintain soil potassium balance, you should ensure that the current recommended amount of potash inputs.