与《左传》比较 ,《国语》把礼的作用看得非常有限 ,即一种非超验的很具体的经验性的礼仪规范和秩序体现 ,礼必须与德、仁、忠、信、孝等结合在一起发挥作用 ,已不具有优先性。作为史家 ,《国语》对历史的反思比《左传》更系统全面 ,历史兴亡感也更为强烈。《国语》中的君主专制理论和重国保民思想与儒法两家均有不少差异 ,其系统而扎实的分析表现出史家体系所特有的思想兼容性 Compared with “Zuo Zhuan”, “Mandarin” sees the function of ceremony very limited, that is, a very specific and empirical etiquette and non-transcendental embodiment of norm and order, which must be linked with moral, benevolence, loyalty, faith, filial piety Etc. combined to play a role, no longer have priority. As a historian, “Guoyu” reflects history more systematically than “Zuo Zhuan” and has a stronger sense of historical rise and fall. The theory of monarchy in “Mandarin” and the thought of protecting the country by people are different from those by Confucianism and law. The systematic and solid analysis shows the ideological compatibility peculiar to the historian system