新的信息技术管理方法集中在缩短周期、提高可预测性、减少重复劳动和残次品,以及充分利用全球采购。从汽车到CD播放器,再到玩具和网球鞋,我们都认为工业制造品物美价廉、质量上乘、品种丰富是理所当然的。我们很少想到,甚至从未想到,制造业的成功是经历了两个阶段、跨越了两个多世纪的工业革命才取得的。制造业从最初的手工作坊进步到厂房生产,产品实现了标准化,并以更低的成本批量生产。近年来,随着整个制作过程被分为多个环节,每个生产环节可以在最具优势的地方完成,制造业便成了一种全球性的行为。同样的现 New approaches to information technology management focus on shortening cycles, improving predictability, reducing duplication of effort and defective products, and making full use of global sourcing. From cars to CD players, to toys and tennis shoes, we all think that making manufactured goods is good, cheap, good quality, and variety is a matter of course. We seldom think of it or even think of it. The success of the manufacturing industry has gone through two stages, spanning more than two centuries of industrial revolution. The manufacturing industry has progressed from the initial hand-workshop to factory building, the products have been standardized and mass-produced at a lower cost. In recent years, manufacturing has become a global activity as the entire production process is divided into several phases, each of which can be completed in the most advantageous areas. The same is true