金相组织的定量分析是材料研究和材料发展中一种众所周知的方法。在已公开发表的大量研究(包括金相组织方面的资料)中极大部份纯属叙述性的,而本文将综述定量金相学如何解决材料研究和材料工艺中存在的问题及其可应用的范围,并分别讨论了相图、材料生产工艺过程的动力学、原始材料和微量添加物对组织的影响,组织和性能之间的关系及质量检验等方面的研究工作。 Quantitative analysis of microstructure is a well-known method in material research and material development. Much of the published research (including metamaterials) is purely narrative, and this article reviews how quantitative metallography addresses problems in material research and materials technology and their possible applications , And discussed the phase diagram, the kinetics of the material production process, the impact of the original material and trace additives on the organization, the relationship between the organization and the performance and the quality inspection.