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目的了解西安市法定传染病流行动态特征和发病特点,为政府和卫生行政部门制定法定传染病防控政策提供科学有效依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对西安市2005-2014年法定传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2005-2014年西安市无甲类传染病报告,共报告乙丙类传染病31种,年平均发病率为578.96/10万。死亡426例,死亡率为0.53/10万。男性发病284 260例,女性180 703例,男女性别比为1.57∶1。散居儿童发病13 6671例,占发病总数的29.39%。15~84岁组死亡最多,占死亡总数的86.77%。10年中曾居于前五位的疾病有肺结核、病毒性肝炎、痢疾、流行性腮腺炎、风疹、手足口病和其他感染性腹泻。结论西安市乙类传染病总体平稳,结核病、乙肝等疾病得到有效控制,艾滋病、丙肝、梅毒等血源及性传播疾病发病仍处于上升趋势。新发的H1N1和H7N9疾病影响大。丙类传染病常呈现暴发流行,且发病数量大对儿童青少年健康危害较大。需要进一步加强传染病防控有效策略的制定和实施,针对重点难点疾病提高综合防控能力。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Xi’an and provide a scientific and effective basis for the government and health administrative departments to formulate the prevention and control policy of notifiable infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014. Results There were 31 reports of Class A infectious diseases in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 578.96 / 100 000. 426 deaths, the death rate was 0.53 / 100,000. 284 260 cases of male onset, 180 703 cases of women, male to female ratio was 1.57: 1. The number of scattered children was 13,667, accounting for 29.39% of the total. The 15 to 84 years old group had the most deaths, accounting for 86.77% of the total deaths. The top five diseases in 10 years were tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, dysentery, mumps, rubella, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea. Conclusion The epidemic of B infectious diseases in Xi’an is generally stable. The diseases such as tuberculosis and hepatitis B are effectively controlled. The incidence of blood and sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis C and syphilis is still on the rise. New H1N1 and H7N9 diseases have a big impact. C outbreaks often appear epidemic, and the incidence of large number of children and adolescents greater health hazards. It is necessary to further strengthen the formulation and implementation of effective strategies for prevention and control of communicable diseases and to improve the comprehensive prevention and control capacity for key and difficult diseases.