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目的了解昆山市病毒性肝炎的流行特征,为卫生行政部门制定有效的病毒性肝炎防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2004-2013年昆山市网络直报系统中病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行分析,统计软件选用SPSS17.0。结果 2004-2013年昆山市累计报告病毒性肝炎4 159例,年均发病率为26.67/10万,其发病率及在甲乙类传染病中所占的比例均呈现先降后升的趋势。最主要的类型是乙肝占总数的68.74%,其构成比在逐年升高,近几年除甲肝外,其余几种类型的肝炎发病率均有不同程度的上升。丙肝在春夏季发病高于秋冬季(χ2=8.74,P<0.05),戊肝在冬春季发病较高(χ2=34.99,P<0.01),其余类型肝炎发病无明显季节差异。城区年平均发病率高于乡镇(P<0.01),男性高于女性(P<0.01)。25~44岁为高发年龄组,而发病率最高的是50岁以上的中老年;职业以工人与农民为主。结论病毒性肝炎发病有明显上升趋势,应加强相关肝炎疫苗在儿童以及普通人群中的接种,强化疾病监测,加大对群众尤其是城区流动人口的健康宣教。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Kunshan and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis by health administrative departments. Methods The data of epidemic situation of viral hepatitis in network direct reporting system in Kunshan City from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed. SPSS17.0 was selected by statistical software. Results A total of 4 159 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Kunshan City from 2004 to 2013, with an average annual incidence rate of 26.67 / 100 000. The incidence and the proportion of them in Category A and B infectious diseases both showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The main type of hepatitis B accounted for 68.74% of the total, its composition ratio increased year by year, in addition to hepatitis A in recent years, the remaining several types of hepatitis incidence increased to varying degrees. The incidence of hepatitis C in spring and summer was higher than that in autumn and winter (χ2 = 8.74, P <0.05). The incidence of hepatitis E in winter and spring was higher (χ2 = 34.99, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of other types of hepatitis. The average annual incidence of urban areas was higher than that of townships (P <0.01), and that of males was higher than that of females (P <0.01). 25-44 years old is a high incidence age group, while the highest incidence is middle-aged and over 50 years old; the occupation is dominated by workers and peasants. Conclusion The incidence of viral hepatitis has a clear upward trend. Hepatitis B vaccine should be vaccinated in children and the general population. Disease surveillance should be strengthened and health education should be strengthened for the general public, especially for urban migrants.