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二氧化碳等温室气体排放导致气候变化问题日益受到人们关注。而美国为了在经济危机中寻找新的增长点,意图在新的节能经济中继续处于有利地位,也迫于其国内贸易保护主义的压力,于2009年6月22日通过《清洁能源安全法》。该法以限制温室气体排放、减缓全球变暖为由正式提出了对进口的高耗能产品征收“碳关税”。西方征收“碳关税”一旦成为现实,不仅会使西方国家在短期内达到贸易保护的目的,也会使其在节能环保的“低碳经济”时代保持经济和技术上的优势。本文首先对“碳关税”的由来以及西方国家的意图进行分析阐述,进而讨论其对中国外贸的不利影响,最后,从外贸政策的角度提出应对之策。
The issue of climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has attracted increasing attention. In order to find new growth points in the economic crisis, the United States intends to continue to be in a favorable position in the new energy-saving economy. It is also forced by the pressure of its domestic trade protectionism to pass the “Clean Energy Security Law” on June 22, 2009. The law formally proposes to impose “carbon tariffs” on imported energy-intensive products on the grounds of limiting greenhouse gas emissions and slowing down global warming. Once Western collection of “carbon tariffs” becomes a reality, Western countries will not only achieve the purpose of trade protection in the short term, but will also maintain their economic and technological advantages in the “low carbon economy” era of energy conservation and environmental protection. This article first analyzes the origin of the “carbon tariff” and the intentions of Western countries, and then discusses its adverse impact on China’s foreign trade. Finally, it proposes countermeasures from the perspective of foreign trade policies.