目的了解重庆市九龙坡区居民主要慢性病及相关危险因素的流行现状,为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法 ,对1200名18岁以上的常住居民进行问卷调查与身体检测。结果九龙坡区居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重和肥胖患病率分别为24.58%、10.00%、27.25%、28.75%;现在吸烟率23.42%,过量饮酒率4.88%,奶豆制品与新鲜蔬菜水果摄入不足的比例分别为88.58%、53.25%,红肉、盐、食用油摄入超标的比例分别为51.83%、59.42%、90.99%,有无休闲性身体活动的比例为30.58%。结论九龙坡区居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢性病处于较高水平,膳食不合理、吸烟和饮酒等危险因素普遍存在,应加强居民慢性病健康教育和相关危险因素的干预。 Objective To understand the prevalence of major chronic diseases and related risk factors among residents in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating the corresponding interventions. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey and physical examination of 1200 permanent residents above 18 years of age. Results The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity in Jiulongpo district were 24.58%, 10.00%, 27.25% and 28.75% respectively. The current smoking rate was 23.42% and the excessive drinking rate was 4.88% The ratio of undernourishment of vegetables and fruits was 88.58% and 53.25%, respectively. The proportion of excessive intake of red meat, salt and edible oil was 51.83%, 59.42% and 90.99% respectively, and the proportion of non-recreational physical activity was 30.58%. Conclusions In Jiulongpo District, chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia are at a high level, unreasonable diet and risk factors such as smoking and drinking prevail. Health education and related risk factors of residents should be strengthened.