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现代国民经济由三大部类构成:生产资料及其生产部门为第一部类,消费资料及其生产部门为第二部类,非物质资料及其生产部门为第三部类。这种部类结构是由人类对社会产品的需要和生产力水平决定的。运用中国、美国、英国、法国等国家的统计资料对三大部类结构演化态势分析表明:第一部类比重在工业化前期和中期逐步上升,在工业化后期和后工业化时期逐步下降;第二部类比重自近代以来随国民经济发展而逐步下降;第三部类比重随国民经济发展而逐步上升,最终超过第一、第二部类比重之和;三大部类比重在工业化进程中逐步收敛,到工业化中后期趋近和交汇,然后出现发散。这种规律性对中国经济结构调整具有重要启示:坚持三大部类协调均衡发展;加快第一部类转型升级,促进生产资料更新换代;按照消费需求变化调整和优化第二部类内部结构;稳步发展第三部类。
The modern national economy consists of three major categories: the means of production and its production sector are the first, the consumption and the production sector are the second, the non-material and the production are the third. This category structure is determined by human needs for social products and the level of productivity. The analysis of the evolution of the three major structural types using statistical data from China, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and other countries shows that the proportion of the first category rises gradually during the early and mid-industrialization stages and gradually decreases during the post-industrialization and post-industrialization periods. The second The proportion of the third category has gradually decreased with the development of the national economy in recent years. The proportion of the third category has risen gradually with the development of the national economy, and eventually surpassed the sum of the first and second categories. The proportions of the three segments gradually converged in the industrialization process , To approach and converge in the middle and late stages of industrialization, and then diverge. This regularity has important implications for the readjustment of China’s economic structure: upholding the coordinated and balanced development of the three branches; accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the first type and upgrading the means of production; adjusting and optimizing the internal structure of the second type according to changes in consumer demand; Steady development of the third category.