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目的探索使用平视显示器(head up display,HUD)是否更加有助于飞行员探测跑道入侵事件,探索飞行员分别使用HUD和传统主飞行显示器(primary flight display,PFD)探测跑道入侵时眼动模式的差异。方法设计并开展了进近着陆情景下飞行员分别使用HUD和PFD探测跑道入侵的实验,采集注视次数、注视时间、注视轨迹和瞳孔直径等数据。结果飞行员分别使用HUD和PFD探测跑道入侵:不会显著影响俯仰姿态、航向、空速、高度、横滚、垂直速度和窗外视景兴趣域的眼动注视次数百分比和眼动注视时间百分比;使用PFD的注视轨迹更有助于探测跑道入侵;显著影响飞行员瞳孔直径。结论相比于PFD,HUD的使用不利于飞行员探测跑道入侵且易导致飞行员疲劳。
Objectives To explore whether using a head up display (HUD) is more helpful to a pilot in detecting runway incursions and exploring differences in eye patterns when pilots use the HUD and a conventional primary flight display (PFD) to detect runway incursions. Methods The pilots using HUD and PFD to detect runway invasion in approach and landing scenarios were designed and implemented. Data such as fixation times, fixation time, fixation trajectory and pupil diameter were collected. Results Pilots detect runway incursions using HUD and PFD, respectively: No significant effect on percentage of eye movements and percentage of eye movement fixation time for pitch attitude, heading, airspeed, altitude, roll, vertical velocity, and out-of-window viewing areas of interest; PFD’s gaze trajectory is more conducive to the detection of runway invasion; significantly affect the pilot pupil diameter. Conclusion Compared to PFD, the use of HUD is not good for pilots to detect runway incursions and lead to pilot fatigue.