“天子”一词,产生于西周。西周之前,商人不称“天子”。在商代甲骨卜辞、铜器铭文和有关历史文献中,没有“天子”一辞出现。《史记·股本纪》说:“汤既胜夏……于是诸侯毕服,汤乃践天子位,平定海内。”司马迁的这种说法,乃是根据后人的观念称呼古人的。在卜辞里,商王称“王”,称“余一人”。《商书·盘庚籍》里盘庚也自称“予一人”,不称“天子”。那么,司马迁为什么要说“汤乃践天子位?”会不会天禄石渠别有所藏?或太史公另有其据呢? 不会的。天禄石渠我们虽不可见,但从大量的卜辞来看,商代帝王与上帝的关系紧张,商王武丁就经常担心着上帝会不会作祸于自己。他问:“帝其作王祸?帝弗作王[祸]?”还问上帝会不会降(?)(饥馑,一说干旱)于自己的国家,会不会致咎于自己。如此担惊受怕的商王,那里还会想到去做受命于天的“天子”呢? 周代之前,人们对“天”的认识,还没有和万 “Son of Heaven” was born in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, businessmen did not call “emperor.” In the Shang Dynasty Oracle inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and related historical documents, there is no “Son of Heaven” appeared. “Shi Ji Ji Ji Ji,” said: “Soup both Sheng Xia ... ... so princes subordinate, Tang Naitian bit, flat set at home.” Sima Qian’s account of this is based on the concept of descendants of ancient ancestors. In the divination, the king called “king”, “more than one person.” “Book of Commerce, Pan-Geng Ji,” where Pan Geng also claimed “to one person,” not called “Son of Heaven.” So, Sima Qian why say “soup is the eldest son?” TianLu Shi Qu do not have possession? Or Taishishi another evidence? Although we can not see the Tianlu Stone Canal, we can see from a large number of Oracles that the relationship between the Shang and the Imperial emperors was tense and that God Wang Wuding frequently feared that God would not hurt himself. He asked: “The Emperor is a king, and God is a king.” He also asked God if he would drop (?) (Starvation, drought) in his own country and would not blame himself. So fearful of the king, there will be thought of to do the “Heavenly Son” ordered by heaven? Before the Zhou Dynasty, people’s understanding of “heaven”, and not yet million