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20世纪70年代初介绍可弯曲的纤维光学支气管镜以来,成人诊断性支气管镜检查剧增。因受技术上限制,直到将近10年后,适用于婴儿及儿童的可弯曲的内窥才得到发展。目前,直式及可弯曲内窥镜的进展,已使支气管镜检查成为婴儿及儿童有用的诊断与治疗性操作项目。本文介绍了婴儿及儿童的这类内窥镜、技术、相对适应症及禁忌症,并发症以及支气管镜的应用等方面的概况。内窥镜简介直式支气管镜(RB),在麻醉期间作为人工气道,与病人气道相比相对较粗大。手术操作的器械容易通过这种支气管镜。RB的内径从2.5到近10mm大小(指器械可通过的最小内径)。而3.5mm可弯曲的儿科支气管镜应通
Adult diagnostic bronchoscopy has soared since the introduction of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the early 1970s. Due to technical limitations, it was not until after almost 10 years that flexible endoscopes for infants and children were developed. Currently, advances in straight and flexible endoscopes have made bronchoscopy a useful diagnostic and therapeutic operation for infants and children. This article presents an overview of such endoscopes, techniques, relative indications and contraindications for infants and children, complications and the use of bronchoscopy. Introduction to Endoscope Straight bronchoscopy (RB), as an artificial airway during anesthesia, is relatively thick compared to the patient’s airway. Surgical instruments easily pass through this bronchoscope. The internal diameter of RB ranges from 2.5 to nearly 10 mm in size (the smallest internal diameter through which instruments can pass). And 3.5mm bendable pediatric bronchoscope should pass