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由于大中型水库蓄水后改变了原天然河道水温的时空分布,因此水库下游河道的水温恢复状况是目前水电工程环境影响评价的重要指标之一。将水库下泄流量、支流流量、太阳辐射、气温、风速等作为恒定因子,以支流水温为主要变量,建立了平面二维水动力—温度数学模型,并用汉江中游河段的实测水温资料对模型进行了验证,进而分析了支流水温对水库下游有支流汇入河道水温恢复过程的影响。结果表明,支流水温越高,在纵向上河道水温恢复到平衡水温所需距离越短,而在横向上水温掺混均匀所需距离越长。
As the large and medium-sized reservoirs have changed the temporal and spatial distribution of water temperature in the original natural river, the water temperature recovery in the lower reaches of the reservoir is one of the most important indicators for the environmental impact assessment of hydropower projects. Taking the discharged water volume, the tributary flow rate, the solar radiation, the air temperature and the wind speed as the constant factors and the tributary water temperature as the main variable, a planar two-dimensional hydrodynamic-temperature mathematical model was established. The measured water temperature in the middle reach of the Hanjiang River The author verified the influence of the tributary water temperature on the water temperature recovery process of tributaries into the lower reaches of the reservoir. The results showed that the higher the branch water temperature, the shorter the water temperature in the vertical direction of the river to return to the equilibrium water temperature, and the longer the horizontal distance required for the water temperature to blend evenly.