利用36个微卫星标记和42个表型性状对453份选育品种进行分析,研究中国水稻选育品种的遗传多样性地理分布及其近50年的变化趋势.结果表明,微卫星标记和表型性状分析的遗传多样性具有较高的相似性;籼稻品种的遗传多样性大于粳稻品种的遗传多样性;从20世纪50年代到80年代,选育品种的遗传多样性一直下降,80年代降低到最低水平,90年代又有显著提高;在地理上华中稻区的选育品种遗传多样性最大,东北稻区和西北稻区遗传多样性最小.位于长江中下游的江苏、江西和西南地区的四川等地是中国水稻选育品种遗传多样性最大的地区.东北地区作为重要的粳稻生产基地,遗传基础非常狭窄,应该发掘新的种质资源拓宽品种的遗传多样性. By using 36 microsatellite markers and 42 phenotypic traits, 453 breeding varieties were analyzed to study the geographical distribution of genetic diversity of Chinese rice breeding varieties and their changing trends in the past 50 years. The results showed that the microsatellite markers and the table The genetic diversity of the trait traits was highly similar. The genetic diversity of indica cultivars was greater than that of japonica cultivars. From the1950s to the1980s, the genetic diversity of the cultivars was decreased and decreased in the 1980s To the lowest level, and significantly increased in the 1990s. The geographical diversity of the breeding varieties in the central China rice region is the highest, while the genetic diversity in the northeast rice region and the northwest China rice region is the smallest, which is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Southwest China Sichuan and other places are the regions with the most genetic diversity of rice breeding in China.As an important production base of japonica rice in Northeast China, the genetic basis is very narrow and new germplasm resources should be explored to broaden the genetic diversity of varieties.