一、问题的提出 在一定条件下,任何化学反应都不能完全进行到底。除非将生成物从反应体系中不断取走,则任何化学反应的速度都在逐渐变慢,最后停止在一个平衡点上(从宏观上看),达到一个名为“化学平衡”的、各物质浓度不随时间改变的状态。在热力学领域里,有两个相关联的物理量可以表征平衡状态,一个是标准自由能增量ΔZ~0(Gibbs自由能),一个是平衡常数K。两者之间存在着如下的关系 First, the issue put forward Under certain conditions, any chemical reaction can not be carried out in the end. Unless the product is continuously removed from the reaction system, the rate of any chemical reaction is gradually slowing down, and finally stop at a balance point (macroscopically) to reach a name of “chemical equilibrium”, the material Concentration does not change over time. In the field of thermodynamics, there are two associated physical quantities that characterize the equilibrium state, one is the standard free energy increment ΔZ ~ 0 (Gibbs free energy), and one is the equilibrium constant K. The following relationship exists between the two