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能源反弹效应是能源经济学的争论焦点之一。提高能源效率的技术和政策虽然会减少能源消耗,但能源有效价格的降低也会增加对能源服务的需求;当能源服务需求的增加部分或全部抵消了能源效率提高带来的能源消费的减少,或导致最终能源消费的增加,能源的反弹效应就产生了。政府往往希望通过提高能源效率减少能源消费,但是消费者行为的改变带来的能源反弹效应会减弱这些政策的效果,因此,能源反弹效应是否存在以及程度大小,是能源政策在制定和执行过程中必须考虑的重要因素之一。目前,学术界对能源反弹效应没有一致的、标准的定义与分类方法,实证研究的结果也没有达成一致,随着我国能源消费持续快速增长、空气污染的恶化,研究节能减排政策带来的能源反弹效应的理论与实证工作有待加强。
Energy rebound effect is one of the focus of controversy in energy economics. Although energy-efficient technologies and policies will reduce energy consumption, lower energy-efficient prices will also increase the demand for energy services. When the increase in demand for energy services partially or fully offset the reduction in energy consumption caused by the increase in energy efficiency, Or lead to an increase in the final energy consumption, the rebound effect of energy is generated. The government often hopes to reduce energy consumption by improving energy efficiency. However, the energy rebound effect caused by the change of consumer behavior will weaken the effectiveness of these policies. Therefore, whether the energy rebound effect exists or to some extent is the energy policy’s formulation and implementation One of the important factors that must be considered. At present, the academic circles do not agree on the energy rebound effect. The definition and classification of standards and the results of empirical research have not been agreed upon yet. As China’s energy consumption continues to grow rapidly and the air pollution is deteriorating, The theoretical and empirical work on energy rebound needs to be strengthened.