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目的了解保山市2005—2013年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行特征,为今后开展防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集保山市2005—2013年乙脑疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2013年保山市共报告乙脑284例,年均发病率为1.27/10万;死亡3例,病死率为1.06%。2006年发病率最高,为2.56/10万;各年发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。7—8月为发病高峰期,共报告187例,占总发病数的65.85%。发病年龄主要集中在0~10岁儿童,共报告223例,占总发病数的78.52%。男性173例,女性111例,男女性别比为1.56∶1。病例职业以散居儿童最多,共报告121例,占总发病数的42.61%;其次为学生,报告115例,占总发病数的40.49%。地区分布以隆阳区发病最多,共发病183例,发病率为2.31/10万,占总发病数的64.44%。结论保山市乙脑发病率呈下降趋势,今后应继续采取病例监测、疫苗接种和环境卫生治理、防蚊灭蚊等综合性防制措施,从根本上降低保山市的乙脑发病水平。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 2005 to 2013 in Baoshan, and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment. Methods The data of epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2013 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 284 Japanese encephalitis cases were reported in Baoshan from 2005 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 1.27 / 100 000; 3 died and the case fatality rate was 1.06%. The highest incidence in 2006 was 2.56 / 100 000; the incidence of each year was significantly different (P <0.01). July-August peak incidence, a total of 187 cases were reported, accounting for 65.85% of the total number of cases. Age of onset mainly concentrated in children aged 0 to 10 years, a total of 223 cases were reported, accounting for 78.52% of the total number of cases. There were 173 males and 111 females with a sex ratio of 1.56: 1. A total of 121 cases (42.61% of the total) were reported as cases of occupational diseases, followed by students, 115 cases were reported, accounting for 40.49% of the total number of cases. The distribution of the disease was the most in Longyang District, with a total of 183 cases, the incidence was 2.31 / 100,000, accounting for 64.44% of the total. Conclusion The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Baoshan City is on a downward trend. In the future, we should continue to take comprehensive prevention and control measures such as case surveillance, vaccination, environmental sanitation control and mosquito control and mosquito control so as to fundamentally reduce the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Baoshan City.