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目的通过了解延安市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行病学特征,为乙脑的预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对1954—2010年延安市乙脑发病情况进行分析。结果 1954—2010年延安市报告乙脑1 066例,死亡135例,年平均发病率1.20/10万,病死率12.66%。黄陵县发病率最高,为2.88/10万。1970—1999年发病率较高,平均为1.88/10万,1969年以前和2000年以来发病率较低,在1.25/10万以下。发病呈明显夏秋季高峰,7—9月发病811例,占76.08%。20岁以上人群发病占70.83%。职业以农民和学生为主,占71.88%。结论实施乙脑疫苗接种,开展乙脑病例和蚊虫密度监测,加强宣传教育和环境卫生管理,是预防控制乙脑的重要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Yan’an and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Yan’an from 1954 to 2010. Results 1954-2010 Yan’an City reported 1 066 cases of Japanese encephalitis, 135 cases of death, the average annual incidence of 1.20 / 100 000, case fatality rate of 12.66%. The highest incidence of Huangling County, 2.88 / 100,000. The incidence was high between 1970 and 1999 with an average of 1.88 per 100 000 and the incidence was low below 1.25 per 100,000 births since 1969 and 2000. The incidence was significant summer and fall peak, 7-September incidence of 811 cases, accounting for 76.08%. 70.83% of the population over the age of 20. Occupation mainly farmers and students, accounting for 71.88%. Conclusions The implementation of JE vaccination, the surveillance of JE cases and mosquito density, and the strengthening of publicity, education and sanitation management are important measures for the prevention and control of JE.