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造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)为线性单链RNA病毒,是鱼类病毒性病原体的一种,能引起野生及养殖鲑鱼或鳟鱼的急性系统病。鱼类感染该病毒后会造成内脏器官的坏死,引起死亡。造血器官坏死病(IHV)是鱼类病害中较为难治的一种病毒病,截止到目前为止还没有有效的治疗方法。对IHN的防控,主要集中在预防及对IHNV的分子生物学特性研究方面;根据病毒生物学特性开发出有效的防控方法成为目前主要的研究重点。论文主要阐述了IHNV的分子生物学特征以及传染性造血器官坏死(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis,IHN)的临床症状等,综合近几年国内外对IHNV的研究现状,介绍了几种包括细胞培养、PCR、LAMP等技术在内的几种快速有效的IHNV检测技术,以及病毒疫苗、免疫佐剂、病毒干扰物等在内的主要防控方法。
The hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a linear, single-stranded RNA virus that is a viral pathogen that causes acute systemic disease in wild and farmed salmon or trout. Fish infected with the virus can cause necrosis of internal organs, causing death. Hematopoietic necrosis (IHV) is a more refractory viral disease in fish diseases, and so far no effective treatment has been available. The prevention and control of IHN are mainly focused on prevention and research on the molecular biological characteristics of IHNV. It is currently the main research focus to develop effective prevention and control methods based on the biological characteristics of viruses. The paper mainly expounds the molecular biological characteristics of IHNV and clinical symptoms of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Based on the research status of IHNV both at home and abroad in recent years, several kinds of IHNV including cell culture, PCR, LAMP technology, including several fast and effective IHNV detection technology, as well as virus vaccines, immune adjuvants, virus interference, etc., the main prevention and control methods.