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化学反应从本质上可分为氧化还原反应和非氧化还原反应。歧化反应是一种特殊的氧化还原反应,在这类反应中氧化数的变化发生在同一分子中同种氧化态的同种元素的原子上。某种元素具有各种高低不同的氧化态,当处于中间氧化态时,在适当条件下其中一部份可转化为较高氧化态的物质,而另一部份转化为较低氧化态的物质而发生歧化反应。如将氯气通入热的氢氧化钠溶液中就发生歧化反应而转化为氯化钠和氯酸钠。
Chemical reactions can essentially be divided into redox reactions and non-redox reactions. Disproportionation is a special redox reaction in which the change in the number of oxidation occurs in the same molecule in the same oxidation state of the same elemental atoms. Some element has a variety of different oxidation states, when in the intermediate oxidation state, under appropriate conditions, some of which can be converted to higher oxidation state of the material, while the other part into the lower oxidation state of the material Disproportionation occurs. Such as the chlorine into hot sodium hydroxide solution on the occurrence of disproportionation reaction into sodium chloride and sodium chlorate.