苏联拥有约1300个较大的矿山企业,从事采矿工业的劳动力约900万(其中金属矿山300万,煤矿220万,石油、天然气、石油化工超过260万)。能源部分总计约占矿物产量90％以上(按价格计)。80年代期间,从商品出口获得的外汇收入中,石油占50％。总的来说,这部分商品所获硬通货接近苏联硬通货收入的80％。然而,矿物产量的增长速度比较低(见表)。 The Soviet Union has about 1,300 large mining companies and about 9 million people working in the mining industry (3 million metal mines, 2.2 million mines, over 2.6 million oil, natural gas and petrochemicals). The energy sector accounts for more than 90% of the total mineral output (by price). During the 1980s, oil accounted for 50% of the foreign exchange income earned from exports of goods. In general, hard currency gains for this portion of the commodity are close to 80% of the hard-currency income of the Soviet Union. However, mineral production has been growing at a relatively low rate (see table).