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汽车碰撞是一种不连续、非线性、大变形过程,改进其结构涉及到多变量、多约束、多目标的优化。采用整车正碰过程中的关键吸能薄壁构件为研究对象,对薄壁构件的比吸能最大化,整车初始碰撞力峰值及加速度峰值最小化进行多目标优化。论文以薄壁构件的厚度为设计变量,采用均匀试验设计法安排试验,并利用逐步回归分析对仿真试验数据拟合建立高精度的代理模型,最后利用虚拟目标法对代理模型进行多目标求解。在保证汽车正碰驾驶室有足够安全空间的前提下,显著的提高了薄壁构件的比吸能及降低了初始碰撞力和加速度峰值。
Vehicle collision is a kind of discontinuous, non-linear and large deformation process. The improvement of its structure involves multi-variable, multi-constraint and multi-objective optimization. The key energy-absorbing thin-walled components during the normal collision of the vehicle are taken as the research object to optimize the specific energy absorption of the thin-walled components, minimize the initial collision force and minimize the acceleration peak of the vehicle. The paper takes the thickness of thin-walled members as the design variables, arranges the test by the uniform test design method, and uses the stepwise regression analysis to fit the simulation test data to establish a high-precision proxy model. Finally, the virtual target method is used to solve the multi-objective proxy model. Under the premise of ensuring that the car is just touching the cab and there is sufficient safety space, the specific energy absorption of the thin-walled components is significantly increased and the initial collision force and peak acceleration are reduced.