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外科病人常以抗菌剂作为预防或治疗感染之用。抗菌治疗本身的副作用可造成临床不良反应,日益增多的抗菌素种类,每种能产生种种副作用。了解潜在的药物并发症,使医护人员有可能防止某些不良反应,迅速识别并加以处理。本文集中讨论常用抗菌剂因直接药物毒性或机体特(异反)应性所致的主要副作用,对常见的、轻微副作用如口服引起恶吐、肌注的疼痛、静注的静脉炎等不予叙述;也不论及抗菌治疗的继发性影响如静脉输注药物引起的水盐紊乱、对细菌生态学影响或二重感染。一、全身反应青霉素是抗菌素中研究全身反应最好的范例,Levine氏将其分为三型:直接反应发生在给药后2—
Antibiotics are often used as surgical prophylaxis or treatment of infections in surgical patients. The side effects of antibacterial treatment itself can cause clinical adverse reactions, an increasing variety of antibiotics, each can produce a variety of side effects. Understanding potential drug complications makes it possible for healthcare professionals to prevent certain adverse reactions, identify them quickly and deal with them. This article focuses on the common side effects of common antibacterial agents due to direct drug toxicity or body abnormalities (abnormal reaction), common, minor side effects such as oral induced vomiting, intramuscular pain, intravenous injection of phlogistic, etc. Narrative; nor the secondary effects of antibacterial treatment such as water and salt disorders caused by intravenous infusion of drugs, bacterial ecological impact or double infection. First, systemic reactions Penicillin is the best example of antibiotic studies of systemic reactions, Levine’s will be divided into three types: the direct reaction occurs after administration of 2-