《90年代中国儿童发展纲要》规定的主要目标之一,是2000年比1990年儿童死亡率降低1/3。经验告诉我们:儿童死亡率的一半以上是婴儿,而婴儿死亡率的一半以上乃至2/3是新生儿,可见降低新生儿死亡率对降低儿童死亡率十分重要。另一方面,由于围产新生儿学的发展,部分极低体重儿和极危重的新生儿被救治存活,但其中一部分遗留神经系统或其它方面的后遗症,成为伤残儿, One of the major objectives set out in the “Outline for the Development of Children in China in the 1990s” is that the rate of child mortality dropped by one third over that of 1990 in 1990. Experience tells us that more than half of all child mortality rates are babies, and that more than half or even two thirds of infant mortality rates are newborns. Therefore, reducing the neonatal mortality rate is very important for reducing child mortality. On the other hand, due to the development of perinatal neonatology, some very low birth weight children and severely critically ill newborns have been rescued. However, some of them left neurological or other sequelae and become disabled children,