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核不均一核糖核蛋白(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins,hnRNPs)是一类结合DNA和RNA的核蛋白,并能在核质间穿梭.A/B型hnRNPs(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins,hnRNP A/B)是hnRNPs中研究最为清楚的一大类别,生物信息学分析hnRNP A/B可以区分成A和D两个亚群,已鉴定的D亚群主要成员包括hnRNP AB,D和DL.hnRNP A/B的D亚群均含有2个保守的RNA结合结构域(RNA binding domain,RBD)和1个Gly富集区(glycine-rich domain,GRD),成员间的主要区别在于N端和C端的长度和序列不同.D亚群与pre-mRNA和其它蛋白质结合成微粒系统,参与pre-mRNA的加工、稳定、核输出以及翻译过程.此外,D亚群也能结合单链和双链DNA,参与转录起始和端粒的稳定.因此,hnRNP A/B的D亚群在各个阶段影响基因的表达,在神经系统发育、肿瘤的发生发展及衰老过程中发挥着多样性的功能.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a type of nuclear protein that binds to DNA and RNA, and can shuttle between nucleoplasm.HuRNPs A / B (hnRNP A / B) are hnRNPs One of the most widely studied types of bioinformatics analysis of hnRNP A / B can be divided into two subgroups, A and D, and the major members of the identified subgroup D include D subunits of hnRNP AB, D and DL.hnRNP A / B The population contains two conserved RNA binding domains (RBDs) and a glycine-rich domain (GRD). The main difference between the members is that the length and sequence of N-terminal and C-terminal are different. D subpopulations bind to pre-mRNA and other proteins into a particulate system involved in the processing, stabilization, nuclear export, and translation of pre-mRNA, as well as D subgroups that are capable of binding both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA to initiate transcription and Therefore, the subpopulation D of hnRNP A / B affects gene expression at all stages and plays a diverse role in the development of the nervous system, the development and progression of tumors, and aging.