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2012~2013年,在安徽农业大学巢湖农业实验站,利用小区实验研究了不同田间控水措施对冬小麦土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响。实验设置了空白对照(CK)、常规耕作(CG)、浅沟控水(CQ)、深沟控水(CS)4种处理。结果表明:(1)冬小麦生育期内,农田排干控水可显著改变土壤的CH4和N2O排放特征,不同控水处理之间CH4排放差异显著(P<0.05),N2O排放差异极显著(P<0.01);(2)CQ、CS处理的CH4吸收能力分别比CK高1.6%、20.9%,排干控水提高了土壤CH4的吸收能力;(3)CQ和CS的N2O排放量分别比CK增加了61.0%和70.6%,排干控水提高土壤N2O的排放量;(4)地表温度和5 cm土温是影响CH4和N2O通量变化的关键因素,各处理CH4吸收通量和N2O排放通量与地表温度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),提高温度有助于提高CH4吸量,但也增加了N2O排放;(5)与CK相比,CG、CQ、CS都实现了增产,但CG、CS排放温室气体的GWP显著高于CK,而CQ则与CK基本相当,CQ在确保增产的情况下实现了温室气体减排,是适用于该地区的冬小麦农田温室气体减排措施。
2012-2013, Chaohu Agricultural Experiment Station of Anhui Agricultural University experimented on the effects of different field water control measures on CH4 and N2O emissions from winter wheat soils. The experiment set up CK, conventional farming (CG), shallow ditch water (CQ) and deep ditch water control (CS). The results showed that: (1) During the growth period of winter wheat, draining and controlling of farmland could significantly change the characteristics of CH4 and N2O emissions in soil, with significant differences in CH4 emission (P <0.05) and N2O emission (P <0.01). (2) CH4 uptake by CQ and CS was 1.6% and 20.9% higher than that of CK, respectively. Drainage and control of water increased CH4 uptake in soil. (3) Increased by 61.0% and 70.6%, respectively. (4) Surface temperature and 5 cm soil temperature were the key factors affecting the fluxes of CH4 and N2O. The CH4 fluxes and N2O emissions There was a significant positive correlation between flux and surface temperature (P <0.05). Increasing temperature could improve CH4 uptake, but also increase N2O emission. (5) Compared with CK, CG, CQ and CS all increased , But the GHG emissions of CG and CS were significantly higher than that of CK and CQ was almost the same as that of CK. CQ achieved greenhouse gas emission reduction while ensuring the increase of production, which is the greenhouse gas emission reduction measure applied to the winter wheat farmland in this area .